Intraoperative awareness: controversies and non-controversies.

Controversies in Obesity Treatment

The markedly high prevalence of obesity contributes to the increased incidence of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, and heart disease. Because of high prevalence of obesity in almost all countries, it has been the focus of many researches throughout the world during the recent decades. Along with increasing researches, new concepts and controversies have been emerge...

Intraoperative Arterial Hypertension in Noncardiac Surgery : Controversies and Current Recommendations

15 Abstract Arterial hypertension on the day of surgery is a frequently encountered phenomenon nowadays. In many patients, correction of the elevated blood pressure (BP) helps to avoid serious complications and improves perioperative safety. However, there is no general agreement on whether all patients presenting with high BP will benefit from an antihypertensive therapy prior to the start of...

Intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring in primary hyperparathyroidism; resolving controversies and debates

Intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring (IPM) has been increasingly considered as a valuable adjunct in surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). In view of the attributed extra cost and time, its routine use has been debated. Similarly, controversies have encompassed various aspects of IPM implementation. This article will display the up to date evidence relating to IPM use in diff...

Associative learning of likes and dislikes: Some current controversies and possible ways forward.

Evaluative conditioning (EC) is one of the terms that is used to refer to associatively induced changes in liking. Many controversies have arisen in the literature on EC. Do associatively induced changes in liking actually exist? Does EC depend on awareness of the fact that stimuli are associated? Is EC resistant to extinction? Does attention help or hinder EC? As an introduction to this specia...

Chronic Low-grade Inflammation after Exercise: Controversies